Vol. 14 - 2020

Studia et Documenta, vol. 14 – 2020

Published: May 2020
Pages: 531

EL OPUS DEI EN ESPAÑA DURANTE LA DÉCADA DE 1940

Presentación, Santiago Martínez Sánchez (pp. 7-10) | Foreword
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La España de los años cuarenta: contexto político, social, religioso y cultural, Julio Montero-Díaz (pp. 11-44) | Spain in the 1940s: Political, Social, Religious and Cultural Context
The Civil War concluded with the military defeat of one side, with no agreements. The country was economically devastated. To a very large extent, the conflict led to the triumph of cultural and social principles typical of the various traditionalisms that existed before the Second Republic. During those years, the generation that would take power from the 1950s onwards was forged. The narrow framework of freedom effectively eliminated political struggle. On the positive side, it represented the reconstruction of Spain in all its aspects; on the negative side, it represented the strong repression and “cleansing” of the defeated side.
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El gobierno del Opus Dei en la década 1940-1950, Francesc Castells i Puig y José Luis González Gullón (pp. 45-64) | The Governance of Opus Dei in the Decade 1940-1950
The forties of the Twentieth Century were years of great novelties in Opus Dei. A few tens of members united without an ecclesiastical approval became two thousand associates at the end of the decade with a final approval for Opus Dei by the Holy See as a secular institute. Josemaría Escrivá adapted the governance to the different canonical situations of the Work, appointed the men and women of Opus Dei for the central and local councils, and explained the main characteristics of the governance in Opus Dei.
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Abrir nuevos caminos: algunas pioneras en los inicios del apostolado del Opus Dei entre mujeres (1942-1945), Inmaculada Alva (pp. 65-108) | Opening New Paths: Some Pioneers in the Beginnings of the Apostolate of Opus Dei with Women (1942-1945)
The women of Opus Dei began to develop their apostolate from 1942, once the first center was established in Jorge Manrique Street. Considering the position that women occupied in Spanish society in the 1940s, these young women set out on the adventure of spreading and bringing to life a new message of the universal call to holiness, while facing misunderstandings and many difficulties. Although they did not carry out remarkable activities, they were pioneering women who paved the way for other women with a new horizon of sanctification. This article analyses the growth of their activities and the consolidation of a new apostolate that laid the foundations for expansion throughout the rest of the world.
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La formación de las primeras mujeres del Opus Dei (1945-1950), Mercedes Montero (pp. 109-142) | The Formation of First Opus Dei Women (1945-1950)
The article focuses in the spiritual and religious formation of first Opus Dei women. The beginning of this kind of formation was not possible in the first forties years, because of priests absence to help the founder in this task. After the ordination of three first Opus Dei priests in 1944 and others in the following years, the activities for the women formation began to be regular and similar to that developed by men. The article examinates, also, the contents of a very concrete event in this sense, as was the First Week for Work and Study about the women of Opus Dei formation, that toke place in Los Rosales in 1948.
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Las Semanas de Estudio de 1940: bases de la formación en el espíritu del Opus Dei de la posguerra española, Santiago Casas Rabasa (pp. 143-171) | The Study Weeks of 1940: The Foundations of the Formation in the Spirit of Opus Dei in the Spanish Post-War Period
The Foundations of the Formation in the Spirit of Opus Dei in the Spanish Post-War Period: This article seeks to identify the key ideas of the formation received by the members of Opus Dei who survived the Spanish Civil War and who brought about the great expansion that followed throughout the country.
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Sacerdotes en el Opus Dei: 1944-1949, Constantino Ánchel y José Luis Illanes (pp. 173-216) | Priests in Opus Dei: 1944-1949
This article describes the path of that section of the Juridical Itinerary of Opus Dei that made it possible for incardinated priests to exist in the institution: firstly, with the establishment of the Priestly Society of the Holy Cross, as a society of common life without vows, and later, after the promulgation of Provida Mater Ecclesia, as a secular institute. The first groups of priestly ordinations of Opus Dei in the 1940s, with the exception of the very first one, are discussed below. Finally, a brief explanation is given of the steps taken to enable diocesan priests to belong to the Priestly Society of the Holy Cross.
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Los obispos españoles ante el Opus Dei (1939-1946), Santiago Martínez Sánchez (pp. 217-286) | Spanish Bishops towards Opus Dei (1936-1946)
The relationship between the founder of Opus Dei and his collaborators with the Spanish bishops between the end of the Spanish Civil War in April 1939 and the first trip of Escrivá to Rome in June 1946 is explored. The issues discussed with the prelates, and their attitude toward the institution are studied. Also, we are interested in analyzing how many bishops, in what way and for what reasons supported Opus Dei. A map of the episcopal connections of Escrivá between 1931 and 1939 is drawn first, to better understand the article core.
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Algunos miembros del Opus Dei en la Universidad española de la posguerra: oposiciones a cátedras durante el ministerio de José Ibáñez Martín (1939-1951), Onésimo Díaz Hernández (pp. 287-326) | Members of Opus Dei at the Spanish Universities in the Post-War Period: Academic Processes Acting Minister José Ibáñez Martín (1939-1951)
The article examines the Opus Dei professorships at Spanish universities between 1939 and 1951. Among other questions, the article will seek to identify the exact number of the Opus Dei professors who obtained a full professorship, the presentation of other candidates, the Spanish process for access to academic positions and the tribunal’s vote.
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Salir de España entre la Guerra Mundial y la Guerra Fría: la expansión del Opus Dei en los años 40, Federico M. Requena y Fernando Crovetto (pp. 327-370) | Leaving Spain between the World War and the Cold War: the Expansion of Opus Dei in the 1940s
The study offers an overview of the international expansion of Opus Dei and a prosopography of the members of the Work who made it happen. It also offers a chronology of the different phases of this expansion and lists the most outstanding characteristics of each of them.
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DOCUMENTI

“Muy querido hermano…”. Epistolario entre Escrivá de Balaguer y Olaechea, Enrique de la Lama y Alfredo Méndiz (pp. 373-440) | “My dear brother…” Collection of letters between Escrivá de Balaguer and Olaechea
Annotated publication of the correspondence stored in the General Archives of the Prelature of Opus Dei and in the Cathedral General Archive of Valencia between Monsignor Marcelino Olaechea, Archbishop of Pamplona (1935-1946) and Archbishop of Valencia (1946-1966), and Saint Josemaría, during the period from 1935, the year in which they met, to the death of Monsignor Olaechea in 1972.
[Doi: 10.48275/setd.14.2020.11]
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El cardenal Federico Tedeschini y su relación con san Josemaría y con el Opus Dei, Mónica Fuster Cancio (pp. 441-510) | Cardinal Federico Tedeschini and his Relationship with St. Josemaría and Opus Dei
Federico Tedeschini (1873-1959), nuncio in Spain (1921-1936) and cardinal of the Catholic Church (1933-1959), served as a substitute for the Secretariat of State between 1914 and 1921. He was one of the curial ecclesiastics who met the first members of the Work who arrived in Rome in 1942. When St. Josemaría Escrivá arrived in Rome in 1946, his cordial relationship from the very beginning with Federico Tedeschini, intensified when the prelate was named cardinal protector of the Work in 1951 In this article, in addition to making available unpublished correspondence between the two, we seek to delve deeper into the role Tedeschini played in the life of Opus Dei, especially in the years in which he served as cardinal-protector.
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